Introduction of exotic species pdf

Exotic species were introduced to our region in a variety of ways including hitching rides in ship ballast water, accidental release from aquariums, escape from water gardens and intentional introduction. The introduction of nonnative species has a long history in georgia. Prevent the introduction of invasive exotic species. When the english first entered what is now north carolina, south. Some exotic plants have turned into weeds, multiplying fast and causing harm to the ecosystem, e. Introduction to invasive species national geographic society. Introduction of exotic species in india linkedin slideshare. Plants are introduced into new ecosystems in both agriculture and horticulture. These introduced or exotic species can adversely affect the ecosystem. Invasive alien speciesias are species whose introduction andor spread outside their. Ballast water treatment helps to prevent new introductions of nonnative species, thus reducing the risk of ecological and economic damage. According to one estimate, at least 4,500 exotic species have established freeliving populations in this country. Potential negative ecological effects of exotic gastropods include impacts on wetlands and wetland restoration, competitive exclusion of native snails, and the introduction of exotic parasites, trematodes, which could infect fish and waterfowl, including federally protected species.

Introduction s of exotic fish species into indian w aters 26 3 invasive species the non ind igenous species or invasive species has been define d as an a lien specie s. Invasive alien species convention biological diversity. It competes for food with native fish and may contribute to the reduction of some types of aquatic vegetation. That means they are bred to live in close contact with people.

Invasive alien species have affected native biodiversity in almost every type of ecosystem on earth. Case studies of particular instances of exotic species as major contributors to extinction on the one hand, and counts of numbers of species before and after invasions on the other, each offer insights into whether invasions are a major cause of extinction. However, accidental introduction has been common too. Ballast water treatment useful to reduce introduction of.

In any case, a frequent outcome of introductions is the extinction of the exotic species. Synonymous terms such as nonnative species or nonindigenous species are more precise and should be used in preference to terms as introduced, exotic, feral. When the english first entered what is now north carolina, south carolina and georgia, they found nonnative peach trees growing wild and in native american orchards. The use of exotic species for fisheries and aquaculture diversification has been practiced since the middle of the 19th century. Exotic species have been intentionally introduced worldwide for economic purposes or for biological control. Nonnative species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Exotic species, often referred to as alien, nonnative, nonindigenous, or introduced species, are those that occur in areas outside of their natural geographic range. Exotic species pdf introduced species invasive species scribd. Understanding and managing the impacts of invasive alien species. Article pdf available in interciencia 284 april 2003 with 859 reads. Invasive species threats in the caribbean region 3 2 introduction 2.

Risk and pathway assessment for the introduction of exotic insects and pathogens that could affect hawaiis native forests. It is estimated that at least 4,000 exotic plant and 2,300 exotic animal species are now established in the united states. A guide to selected invasive nonnative aquatic species in. Elton 1958 called dramatic attention to the exotic species problem when he wrote. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place. Hawaii department of land and natural resources dlnr identifies four native and five introduced forest cover types. Although people relocate nonnative species for a variety of reasons, the results are unpredictable.

The introduction of exotic animals and plants into south florida began in the late 1800s and has escalated ever since. The fifth species, pomacea insularum, is an agricultural pest. Exotic species introductions are widely regarded to be one of the top threats to global biodiversity. Once an invasive species is introduced and becomes established, causing damage or crop losses, our normal ipm practices may prove ineffective. Dramatic changes in species abundance and energy flow have been observed following the establishment of a single new species, even in large lakes zaret and paine 1973. Dyer introduction exotic speciesi are part of the landscape of the united states. Modeling the introduction and spread of invasive species. The role of exotic species within ecosystem management by deborah r.

An introduced species also known as an exotic species is an organism that is not native to the place or area where it is considered introduced and instead has been accidentally or deliberately. Introduction, distribution, spread, and impacts of exotic. An invasive species is a nonnative species that is harmful to an ecosystem. Invasive species can include insects, exotic wildlife or feral animals, fungi and diseases, and plants.

House mice, feral cats, feral horses, lionfish, asian. Exotic species are further spread unintentionally by boaters when plant fragments are tangled on boats, motors, trailers, fishing gear, and. Kangaroo island in south australia has a relatively pristine inshore marine environment. Introduction to invasive alien species distribution. By madi palmer how are exotic animals affecting endangered species. Introduction the introduction of species from abroad into united states eco systems is not a new phenomenon. Natural chemical markers identify source and date of. Invasive species can include plants, animals, insects, and microorganisms. An invasive species is a species that is not native to a specific location an introduced species, and that has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy or human health the term as most often used applies to introduced species that adversely affect the habitats and bioregions they invade economically, environmentally, or ecologically. Pdf the introduction of exotic species in aquaculture. Introduction of exotic tree species to meet challenges. It has been calculated that approximately 20% of the cases of extinction of birds and mammals is due to the direct action of animals introduced by man.

The invasion of exotic species into natural habitats is a global. Introduction exotic fish is alien species which is not naive and belonging by nature or origin to another part of the world or brought in from abroad or foreign or strange. This event happened on march 29, 2019 in bellingham, washington. Marylands eastern shore has seen thousands of acres of protective marshland impacted by the nutrias destructive feeding habits. This is in part due to the islands isolation and absence of regular international shipping traffic. Other animals like cows and chickens were brought for food. To protect the valuable resources of marylands chesapeake bay, the chesapeake bay nutria eradication project cbnep began in 2002 to permanently remove invasive nutria from the marshes of the delmarva peninsula and to protect, enhance, and restore the aquatic. The exotics are a compe tition for indige nous fishes for. Pdf exotic and invasive species are two types of nonnative species. Exotic species species living outside its native distributional range 2. An invasive species refers to an exotic species whose introduction causes. Nutria national invasive species information center usda. Versteirt 1 department of parasitology, entomology unit, institute of tropical medicine, nationalestraat 155, b2000 antwerp, belgium. Prevent the introduction of invasive exotic species objectives and strategies action steps current projectsresources action steps needed projectsresources objective 1a.

Introduction and establishment of the exotic mosquito species aedes japonicus japonicus diptera. Workshop agenda pdf introduction to invasive species and exotic pest. The unmitigated risk potential of the introduction of exotic insects and pathogens to. The accidental or deliberate introduction of exotic species into regions where they are not native can cause positive, negative, or no observable effects, depending on a wide variety of biological, sociological, economic, and other factors. Minchin, in encyclopedia of ocean sciences second edition, 2009. Introduction and establishment of the exotic mosquito. A nonnative species is a species that is not indigenous to an area. Rosenzweig department of ecology and evolutionary biology, university of arizona, tucson, az 857210088, usa abstract the breakdown of isolating barriers between biogeographical provinces will not have much e. Including the introduction of exotic species in life cycle. Species introduced from outside their natural range can be an economic boon, because they often. The purpose of the georgia invasive species strategy is to coordinate support for all state invasive. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

Research by wageningen marine research in the ports of groningen seaports showed that 1 out of 7 species is nonnative and does not originate in this area or in the wadden sea. Policymakers need to know that invasive species pose a major threat to native. Because these species have few limiting factors in their new home. What does the introduction of exotic species do to diversity. They may prey upon native fishe s, introduce ne w diseases and parasites. Exotic species, often referred to as alien, nonnative, nonindigenous, or introduced species, are those that occur in areas outside. Issues in risk assessment the national academies press.

Information on exotic fish species related to shipping activities from 1992 until 2009 tables s1, amount of goods transported via the rmd waterway table s2 and inventory data of five impact categories exotic species introduction, eutrophication, ecotoxicity, greenhouse gases and water consumption related to the freshwater ecosystem and the distance of shipping voyages table s3. An introduced species, alien species, exotic species, foreign species, nonindigenous species, or nonnative species is a species living outside its native distributional range, but which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Department of agriculture, forest service, pacific southwest research station. Role of exotic species within ecosystem management, the. Vagrant species are those that appear from time to time beyond their normal range and are often confused with exotic species. These newcomers were originally introduced as pets, food sources, ornamentals, or as biological controls. Nonnative species can be found in a second ecosystem apart from the ecosystem. Introduction exotic species pose one of the most pervasive threats to fresh waters worldwide hall and mills 2000. Other exotic species were introduced for landscape restoration, biological pestcontrol, sport, or pets. In india, large variety of exotic animal and plant species have been introduced from other parts of the world through the ages. Often a very important factor is neglected, which is the introduction of allochthonous species, i. Invasive species are exotic species not native to the ecosystem whose introduction does or will likely cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.